Not only is the asteroid sporting six tails, follow-up observations 13 days later showed it had changed shape.
Scientists suspect pressure from photons, small particles of light or electromagnetic radiation, in sunlight is causing the asteroid to spin faster, disrupting its surface.
Computer models show the dust plumes likely started rising off the asteroid's surface in April 2012, according to Jessica Agarwal, with the Max Planck Institute in Lindau, Germany.
"P/2013 P5 might be losing dust as it rotates at high speed," Agarwal said in a statement. "The sun then drags this dust into the distinct tails we're seeing."
Astronomers intend to keep a lookout for signs the asteroid is breaking up, a process they suspect is common, but never before observed.
"This is just an amazing object to us, and almost certainly the first of many more to come," Jewitt said.
The research appears in this week's issue of The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
(Reporting by Irene Klotz; Editing by Jane Sutton and Xavier Briand)
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